Me yasa Wasu Kamfanonin Wutar Lantarki Na Nukiliya Basu da Hasumai Masu sanyaya?

 

 

 

I.Hanyar Sanyaya Yana Ƙayyade Wajabcin Hasumiya mai sanyaya

 

Babban abin da ake buƙata na sanyaya wutar lantarki na tashar makamashin nukiliya shine fitar da sharar zafin tururi daga injin tururi. Ana rarraba tsarin sanyaya zuwa nau'i uku:sau ɗaya - ta hanyar sanyaya, rufe{0}} sanyaya mai jujjuyawa, kumasanyaya iska. Ana amfani da hasumiya mai sanyaya ne kawai a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin sanyaya mai sake zagayawa{1}.

 

 

 

2.Rufe{1}} sanyaya mai sake zagayawa (ana buƙatar hasumiya masu sanyaya)

 

Tashoshin makamashin nukiliya na cikin ƙasa, ƙayyadaddun albarkatun ruwa sun iyakance su, sun ɗauki matakinRuwa mai kewayawa + hasumiya mai sanyayayanayin. Ruwan da ke zagayawa yana ɗaukar zafi a cikin na'urori masu sanyaya wuta sannan a tura shi zuwa hasumiya masu sanyaya don yaɗuwar zafi da rage zafin jiki ta hanyar ƙazanta, kafin a sake komawa don sake amfani da shi, don haka guje wa sharar ruwa. Ayyukan makamashin nukiliya na cikin ƙasa (misali, wasu masana'antar makamashin nukiliya a cikin ƙasa a Turai da Amurka) dole ne a sanye su da hasumiya mai sanyaya a matsayin daidaitaccen tsari.

 

3.Air sanyaya tsarin (ba gargajiya sanyaya hasumiya da ake bukata)

 

Wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki a yankuna masu bushewa suna ɗaukar sanyaya iska kai tsaye ko kaikaice, inda ake samun ɓarkewar zafi ta hanyar tuntuɓar kai tsaye ko kai tsaye tsakanin kayan aikin musayar zafi da iska. Wannan hanyar ba ta ƙunshe da asarar ƙafewa ba kuma baya buƙatar hasumiya mai sanyaya, amma tana da ƙarancin ƙarfin musayar zafi kuma tana buƙatar manyan wuraren musayar zafi da ƙarin yawan kuzarin fan.

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II. Muhimmin Tasirin Yanayin Geographical da Ruwan Ruwa

 

1.Fa'idodin bakin teku/kogin{1}}wuri na kusa

 

Yawan ruwan teku da ruwan kogi na iya biyan buƙatun sha da fitar ruwa sau ɗaya -ta hanyar sanyaya, kawar da buƙatar hasumiya mai sanyaya. A halin yanzu, dukkan tashoshin makamashin nukiliya da ke aiki a kasar Sin suna kan gabar teku, don haka ba a girka hasumiya mai sanyaya gaba daya.

 

2.Matsalolin cikin ƙasa/ruwa{1}}ƙasassun wurare

 

Yankunan cikin gida na fuskantar karancin ruwa. Da zarar -ta hanyar sanyaya an iyakance ta ta dokokin kariyar muhalli da iyakantaccen girman ruwa, sanya rufe{2}}madaidaicin sanyaya zaɓin dole, kuma hasumiya mai sanyaya don haka ya zama daidaitaccen sashi. Misali, cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya na cikin kasa a Amurka da Faransa duk suna da manyan hasumiya masu sanyaya zuciya.

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III. Bambance-bambance a cikin Nau'in Reactor da Coolants

 

Tsarin tsarin sanyaya ya bambanta a cikin nau'ikan reactor daban-daban, kuma wasu nau'ikan reactor a zahiri basa buƙatar hasumiya mai sanyaya na gargajiya.

 

Nau'in Reactor	Sanyi	Halayen sanyaya	Bukatar Hasumiya mai sanyaya
Matsakaicin Ruwa Reactor (PWR)	Ruwa mai ƙarfi{0}	An raba madaukai na farko da na biyu; madauki na biyu yana buƙatar sanyaya na shayewar tururi	Ba a buƙata don tsire-tsire na bakin teku suna amfani da sau ɗaya {{0} ta hanyar sanyaya; ake buƙata don tsire-tsire na cikin ƙasa ta amfani da rufaffiyar sanyayawar madauki
Tafasa Ruwa Reactor (BWR)	Ruwa	Mai sanyaya mai sanyaya yana tafasa kai tsaye don samar da tururi; shayewar tururi yana buƙatar tarawa	Ba a buƙata don tsire-tsire na bakin teku suna amfani da sau ɗaya {{0} ta hanyar sanyaya; ake buƙata don tsire-tsire na cikin ƙasa ta amfani da rufaffiyar sanyayawar madauki
Sodium -mai sanyaya Mai Saurin Reactor	Ruwan sodium	Karfe mai ruwa yana ba da ingantaccen musayar zafi; ba a buƙatar sanyaya evaporative	Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar hasumiya mai sanyaya na gargajiya
Babban -Gas mai zafi{1}}Cooled Reactor	Helium	Iskar gas tare da zubar da zafi ta hanyar masu musayar zafi	Babu hasumiya mai sanyaya na gargajiya da ake buƙata
Tushen Narken Gishiri Reactor na Thorium{0}	Narkar da gishiri	Narkar da gishiri mai sanyi; tsarin tsarin ba ya buƙatar zubar da ruwa don zubar da zafi	Babu hasumiya mai sanyaya na gargajiya da ake buƙata

 

 

 

 

IV.Kasuwanci{0}A kashe Tsakanin Kariyar Muhalli da Abubuwan Tattalin Arziki

 

1.Tsarin muhalli

Da zarar - ta hanyar sanyaya dole ne ya dace da ƙa'idodin muhalli game da fitar da zafin ruwa da gurɓataccen zafi. Yankunan bakin teku suna da babban ƙarfin jikin ruwa, yana sauƙaƙa biyan buƙatun yarda. Rufe cikin ƙasa{3}} madauki mai jujjuya sanyaya yana sarrafa fitar zafi ta hasumiya mai sanyaya don bin ƙa'idodin muhalli.

 

 

2.Tattalin Arziki

Da zarar -ta hanyar sanyaya fasali ƙanƙan farashin ginin babban birnin da kuɗaɗen aiki amma yana ƙarƙashin matsalolin tushen ruwa. Rufe{2}} sanyaya mai sake zagayawa yana buƙatar gina hasumiya mai sanyaya, wanda ya ƙunshi babban jari amma ya dace da wuraren ruwa{3}}. Tsarukan sanyaya iska ruwa ne- amma yana cin makamashi mai yawa, yana haifar da ƙarin tsadar aiki na dogon lokaci-.

                                                

Yanayi na Musamman da Inganta Tsara

 

1. Makaman makamashin nukiliya (jirgin ruwa / jiragen ruwa)

Saboda ƙayyadaddun sarari, ƙananan tsarin sanyaya (misali, ruwan teku sau ɗaya -ta hanyar sanyaya haɗe da manyan masu musayar zafi) ana ɗaukar su, ba tare da shigar da hasumiya masu sanyaya ba.

 

2.Small Modular Reactors (SMR)

Wasu ƙira suna ɗaukar haɗaɗɗen sanyaya ko sanyaya iska, sauƙaƙe tsarin da kawar da buƙatar manyan hasumiya mai sanyaya.

 

A ƙarshe, ko tashar makamashin nukiliya tana sanye take da hasumiya mai sanyaya, yanke shawara ce mai mahimmanci dangane da hanyoyin sanyaya, yanayin ƙasa, ƙirar reactor, da abubuwan tattalin arziki. Yankin bakin teku sau ɗaya -ta hanyar tsarin sanyaya, nau'ikan reactor na musamman (misali, sodium{4}}masu sanyaya masu saurin sanyaya, iskar gas mai zafi{6}mai sanyaya wutar lantarki), da tsarin sanyaya iska ba sa buƙatar hasumiya mai sanyaya na gargajiya, yayin da rufaffiyar ƙasa - dole a samar da na'urorin sanyaya na'urorin sanyaya. Tare da faɗaɗa ƙarfin nukiliya zuwa cikin ƙasa da ruwa{9}}ƙasasshen wurare, aikace-aikacen hasumiya mai sanyaya zai ƙara yaɗuwa. A halin yanzu, fasahar sanyaya iska da sabbin nau'ikan reactor suma suna haifar da haɓakar haɓaka tsarin sanyaya.