Dalilan Tsatsa Da Ciki A cikin Hasumiya Masu sanyaya Bayan Shekaru da yawa na Hidima

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Core Corrosion Mechanism: Electrochemical Corrosion Ya mamaye Tsarin Tsatsa da Ciki

 

 

 

 

 

Abubuwan ƙarfe na hasumiya masu sanyaya (mafi yawa carbon karfe da galvanized karfe) ana fallasa su zuwa ruwa - yanayin haɗin iska na dogon lokaci, inda yawancin ƙwayoyin micro galvanic ke samuwa cikin sauƙi a saman, suna haifar da ci gaba da lalata electrochemical - tushen dalilin tsatsa da perforation.

 

Atom ɗin ƙarfe a cikin yankin anode suna fuskantar halayen oxygenation kuma a hankali suna narkewa cikin ions baƙin ƙarfe (Fe → Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻), yana haifar da ci gaba da asarar matrix ɗin ƙarfe; raguwar halayen yana faruwa a yankin cathode, inda iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa ke haɗuwa tare da electrons don samar da ions hydroxide (O₂ + 2H₂O + 4e⁻ → 4OH⁻), ci gaba da haifar da lalata.

 

 

Ferrous hydroxide [Fe(OH)₂] wanda sakamakon lalata ya haifar yana ƙara oxidized zuwa ferric hydroxide [Fe (OH) ₃], a ƙarshe ya zama sako-sako da tsatsa. Ba kamar fina-finan oxide na ƙarfe mai yawa ba, tsatsa ba zai iya ba da kariya ba; maimakon haka, yana adsorbs danshi da iskar oxygen, yana hanzarta lalata layin ƙarfe na ciki.

 

 

Musamman lokacin da ions chloride ya kasance a cikin ruwa, da sauri suna shiga cikin fim ɗin wucewa akan saman ƙarfe don samar da ƙwayoyin da ba a rufe ba, suna haifar da lalatawar rami na gida.

 

 

Yayin da rami ke zurfafa ci gaba, ɓarkewar ɓarna yana tasowa, wanda shine ainihin abin da ke haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci - a cikin hasumiya mai sanyi da yawa.

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. Manyan Dalilai huɗu masu Haɗawa: Maɓallai don Tsatsa Tsatsa cikin Sauri a cikin Shekaru 3-5

 

(1) Tabarbarewar ingancin Ruwan da ke kewayawa yana ƙaruwa sosai

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ruwan da ke kewayawa yana aiki a matsayin "mai kara kuzari" don sanyaya lalata hasumiya. Tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa kai tsaye yana hanzarta lalata ƙarfe kuma shine mafi mahimmancin abubuwan haɓakawa. A lokacin aikin hasumiya mai sanyaya, ci gaba da fitar da ruwa yana kaiwa zuwa ga tattara gishiri kamar su ions chloride da sulfate radicals a cikin ruwa, yana ƙaruwa sosai da haɓakar ruwa da haɓaka ƙimar lalata electrochemical da sau 3 zuwa 5.

 

 

A halin yanzu, ƙimar pH da ba a kula da shi ba na ruwa mai gudana yana ƙara lalata: lokacin da pH ke ƙasa da 6.5, ruwan yana da acidic kuma yana narkar da matrix ɗin ƙarfe kai tsaye; lokacin da pH ya wuce 9, ma'auni cikin sauƙi yana samuwa. Sikelin da ke rufe saman ƙarfe yana haifar da lalatar ajiya a ƙarƙashin -, ƙirƙirar bambance-bambancen tattara iskar oxygen na gida da haɓaka tsatsa.

 

 

 

 

 

Bugu da kari, da fesa da kuma aeration tsari na sanyaya hasumiyai saturates narkar da oxygen a cikin ruwa (yawanci 8-10 mg / L), ci gaba da ƙarfafa cathode dauki da kuma inganta ci gaba da lalata. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su ƙwayoyin cuta da algae a cikin ruwa suna samar da biofilms, kuma metabolism nasu yana samar da sinadarai na acidic kamar hydrogen sulfide, yana kara lalata fim ɗin wucewa akan saman karfe da kuma ƙara lalata gida.

 

 

 

(2) Rashin Farko na Anti{1} Rufin Lalacewa Yana Hana Karfe na Kariya.

 

 

 

 

Anti{0}rufin lalata akan abubuwan ƙarfe na sanyaya hasumiya suna aiki azaman layin farko na kariya daga lalata. Rashin shafa da wuri yana fallasa karafa kai tsaye ga mahalli masu lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da tsatsa cikin sauri.

 

Rufe gazawar yafi mai tushe daga sassa uku: na farko, gina lahani - a lokacin shigarwa, da yawa sanyaya hasumiya da bai cika karfe surface derusting (kasa saduwa da Sa2.5 misali), haifar da matalauta adhesion tsakanin coatings da karfe matrices, da kuma m fatattaka da peeling; na biyu, lalacewar muhalli – hasken ultraviolet, bambancin zafin rana, zazzagewar ruwa da zubar da ƙura a buɗe - muhallin iska sannu a hankali ya tsufa kuma ya fashe, yana lalata kariyarsu;

 

 

na uku, tsarin giɓi - ba za a iya yin amfani da sutura ba daidai gwargwado ga walda, flanges da haɗin gwiwa, inda ruwa da ƙura suka taru, suna zama "yankunan bala'i" na lalata da farko kuma a hankali ya shiga.

 

 

 

(3) Rashin Rauni a cikin Zaɓin Kayan Kaya da Tsarin Raunin Juriya na Lalacewa.

 

 

Zaɓin kayan da bai dace ba shine babban abin da ke faruwa ga ɗan gajeren lokaci{0} tsatsawar hasumiya mai sanyaya. Don rage farashi, masana'antun da yawa suna amfani da ƙarfe na carbon na yau da kullun ko galvanized karfe don jikunan hasumiya, tallafi da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin juriyar lalata, musamman a cikin mahalli mai girma-gishiri ko ruwan acidic tare da saurin lalata.

 

Rashin isasshen galvanized Layer kauri da ƙananan matakai na galvanizing suna haifar da saurin lalacewa da bawon yadudduka na galvanized, rasa tasirin kariya. A halin yanzu, ƙirar ginin hasumiya mai sanyaya mara ma'ana, kamar gibi mai yawa a mahaɗin mahaɗa da ƙarancin magudanar ruwa, yana haifar da tarin ruwa na dogon lokaci da gurɓataccen muhalli. Ƙirar da ba ta dace ba na gefen hasumiya na iska yana haifar da tashin hankali iska, yana haɓaka tururin ruwa a kan karafa da kuma lalata lalata.

 

 

 

(4) Rashin isassun Aiki da Gudanar da Kulawa Yana ƙara lalata

 

 

 

Yawancin masu amfani suna yin watsi da aiki na yau da kullun da kiyaye hasumiya mai sanyaya, suna barin al'amuran lalata ba a gano su ba kuma ba a sarrafa su ba, a ƙarshe suna haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa ɓarna.

 

Rashin kulawa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da: rashin yin gwajin ingancin ruwa akai-akai da ƙara masu hana lalata da sikelin sikelin a cikin lokaci, yana haifar da tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa mai tsayi;

 

rashin tsaftace ma'auni akai-akai, biofilms da tarkace a cikin hasumiya, yana ƙara lalata gida; rashin yin bincike akai-akai na maganin lalata{0} da gyara tsage-tsage da bawon a lokaci, ci gaba da fallasa karafa;

 

rashin matakan hana daskarewa a cikin hunturu, yana haifar da tsagewar abubuwan ƙarfe saboda daskarewar zagayowar da kuma zama wuraren ci gaba na lalata.

 

 

 

III. Kammalawa

 

 

Tsatsa da rutsawa a cikin hasumiya mai sanyaya bayan shekaru da yawa na sabis ba abu ɗaya ne ke haifar da shi ba, amma ta hanyar haɗuwa da lalatawar electrochemical a matsayin jigon, tare da dogon lokaci{0} superposition na lalacewar ingancin ruwa, gazawar shafi, lahani da tsarin aiki, da rashin isassun aiki da kiyayewa.

 

 

Don tsawaita rayuwar hasumiya mai sanyaya, dole ne a fara ƙoƙari daga tushe: zaɓin ƙaya mai ƙarfi{0}masu juriya, daidaita aikin gyaran rufin lalata, ƙarfafa sarrafa ingancin ruwa, gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun da duban kulawa, da magance ɓoyayyun haɗarin lalata a cikin lokaci. Ta haka ne kawai za a iya rage yawan lalata da kuma guje wa tsatsa da wuri.